It has been an animal rich year; I cannot help but celebrate more:
Monday, October 15, 2012
Zoo Two
Saturday, October 6, 2012
Zoo-Rockery
I have been blessed to encounter a great deal of animals in the past fortnight due to horticulture in one way or another; be they attracted into a garden or on the road to a horticultural travel. Be they a road runner, 21 quail, desert mountain goats, a collared lizard, a scorpion, et cetera.
May they be a reason to garden; the great Austrian Plantsman Fritz Kummert once noted how he sees more lizards in his rock garden. I have noted more ground-dwelling wasps than I'd see in a normal garden as well as two black widows in my crevice garden.
I welcome them.
And I thought I might pay homage to them with pictures of a few.
This year I have observed both small black and large red ants hauling away Chinese Elm (Ulmus parvfolia) seeds. God bless their microscopic hearts! But I have also observed them drilling into and excavating my eggplant fruit and plant stems...
May they be a reason to garden; the great Austrian Plantsman Fritz Kummert once noted how he sees more lizards in his rock garden. I have noted more ground-dwelling wasps than I'd see in a normal garden as well as two black widows in my crevice garden.
I welcome them.
And I thought I might pay homage to them with pictures of a few.
Tiger salamander finds cool refuge in a sunken tree pot.
Tarantula takes his autumn pilgrimmage for sex. (Southeast Colorado)
(Added later: This precious fellow is probably an "Oklahoma Brown;" Aphonopelma hentzi. He will find a mate, then perish into the fall weather, but his tryst will overwinter to lay her eggs in June; her own longevity being a decade. Further reading from CSU's Whitney Cranshaw: Tarantulas of Colorado)
(Added later: This precious fellow is probably an "Oklahoma Brown;" Aphonopelma hentzi. He will find a mate, then perish into the fall weather, but his tryst will overwinter to lay her eggs in June; her own longevity being a decade. Further reading from CSU's Whitney Cranshaw: Tarantulas of Colorado)
Woodhouse Toad was groggily unearthed when I was digging in a crevice to plant. I excused myself and re-covered her.
A bug (technical term- Hemiptera) who is statistically bound to be a plant-sucker, but I'll love him anyway.
Garden Melange, or Bits & Bobs
This is on Loveland Pass, CO, USA; {I would trade my left index-toe for seeds; they must blow away in the wind (which is owed, perhaps, for the bun form) if they are produced at all on these plants.}
Can you belive it is a Carrot/Cilanto/Parsley family member?
Manzanita bark. Arctostaphylos patula. A somewhat challenging beast to acquire and establish, but well worth it.
Stanleya pinnata young'un in a tight crevice. Thoroughly watering nearby soils ensured that the root area would moisten by proximity until it could get a hold; and it has. Agave palmeri behind.
I didn't think Gentiana angustifolia, bought from LaPorte Avenue Nursery in Ft. Collins, CO, would bloom in the fall.
White flowers fade to rust on a garden-grown 7' (2m) wide Eriogonum corymbosum.
A trick from Jim Borland is to approach stab-threatening Yucca leaves perpendicularly if one needs to get in there to clean, weed, or prune. Y. harrimaniae
Planting/Establishing Dryland/Xeric Plants
An in-depth description of planting technique for dry gardens, rock gardens, and crevices, a statistical confession of everything I've killed this year, and pictures to help. (This year is not over yet!)
These techniques extend to pretty much all other plants.
Easy Ones
I like plants who don't wince when they see their moving truck. Some species are equipped in such a way that makes them very easy to establish. Topping the list are Cactus. Agave are also especially easy. I've planted several dozen this year, and I've lost 0%. Yucca, too. Most Sedums. Winterfat (Krasheninnikovia lanata) suprished me with its indefatigable personality, even when I forgot to water new plants for two weeks in summer heat.
Why Bareroot Planting
Perhaps the biggest recent push in this school of thought came in Bob Nold's 2008 High and Dry. I, like most folks, read over it like a a speedboat on choppy water because it was so radically different than what we expected to read and had been doing. I did at first, and then it soaked in Since I've started planting this way, I've seen staggering results. It is as though the plant grew there from seed.
The big key is eliminating the interface between nursery-soil and ground-soil; this is done by eliminating the presence of nursery-soil. Failure to do this breaking of the barrier, essentially plugging in a pot-shaped mass into the soil, confines the plant to its "comfort zone," while the gardener hopes to coax the roots into the ground-soil, which is a tedious game played invisibly underground. This is what most folks do. The best anecdote I've heard came recently form one Billy, a passionate home gardener. He changed his mind and removed a five-year old English Ivy plant (which, despite being one of the most viciously vigourous plants, didn't grow much in that time) only to find the whole root mass in the exact shape of a nusery pot. Five years.
How To Bare-root Plant
Go out and buy the abovementioned book, High and Dry: Gardening with Cold-Hardy Dryland Plants. And read that. Or I'll summarise here. But still go get the book.
Start to dig the hole. About the size of the pot. You will probably have to dig at it again later because you will finish digging the hole aiming to accomodate the shape of the roots, but you find out what they look like...
Remove the plant from the pot. Tap/shake/wiggle/abuse the mass of soil and roots so as to knock off the nursery soil. If the plant clings fast to a bit of the soil, so be it. I like shaking because it separates loose soil from rooted soil. Remove most of it.
(Titanopsis calcarea is on the "easy" planting list, as a rugged succulent, succumbing only to prolonged wetness)
You can do this either dry or wet. The wet method (by say, dipping the plant into a tub or bucket) uses water as a lubricant to make prying easier as well as make the process appear phychologically less tormentous; but I have no evidence for this. The dry method avoids matting the roots into a wet-paintbrush-like downward-taper all bunched together, allowing the roots to be more spread (like an inverted bad hair day) when they are buried. Both work.
This is where you may have to dig the hole deeper when you find just how long the roots are when teased out. There is a good chance that if it is a dry-growing plant, it has a grounded plant's root system curled up in that pot. The above is an extreme example for which I'd not dig a four-and-a-half foot hole, but probably one almost twice the depth of its pot once the greater "root ball" is drawn out. But it proves a point. Just think- planting correclty, you will encourage it to re-grow a root that long to go find water itself.
I personally carry around a bucket/can/pail/jug/wine-bottle of water and an empty bucket to recieve all the potting soil from plants I am planting, which I re-use for potting up future generations of young'uns. (But not seeds/seedlings, for hygiene/cleanliness reasons) Alternately, you may want put it in your compost or veg garden.
{What if it is root-bound, the roots so tightly woven that it is a solid shape? Get abusive and get your hands dirty, prying roots out or even chopping slices downwards though the roots to splay out the "root ball" (Bob hates this term, I think) and fan it into the planting hole.}
Water the roots in the hole as you backfill. I generally fill the hole to the top with water when I have the hole halfway filled, then continue replacing soil when it has soaked in.
The water marries the plant's roots to your garden's soil so that they are in immediate and intimate contact. I like to even backfill soil on top of standing water in the hole, thoroughly wetting everything. This has been called "muddying in." What a nice, descriptive term. Now that it is all backfilled, water again for good measure to settle the surrounding soil and plant crown.
Biology tells us that this new plant's ew root hairs which may appear within 48 hours, {Root hairs live only a couple weeks and are continually replaced) will be touching your garden soil, and, to an extent established already! I will refrain from a diatribe on soil moisture subtleties for now, just take my word for it that this intimate root contact gives the plant the opportunity to take up scant soil moisture and survive dry moments staggeringly better than if planted not bare-rooted.
As always, keep the crown (where the stem and roots meet) at ground level. When in doubt, go a little high. With the exception of say, Zauschneria (now lumped into Epilobium), which can be planted deeper to as to put their tender buds lower in the ground out of cold weather's way and in a position to spread better- just remove the leaves that will be buried. The great Garden Authoress Gwen Moore (Kelaidis) told me this, and it has proved true.
What if the plant is extra leafy, especially in comparison to a scant root system? Remove some of the leaves. Take off say two-thirds f them, leaving the young ones. This reduces the water-consuption/loss of leaves when the roots are too busy being disturbed to support them. I experimented to ensure this theory of mine was true:
Two Buffalo Gourd plants (Cucurbita foetidissima) which were the same size, planted in the same hole a week or two before being photographed. They each had a 3" (8cm) of carrot-like taproot with a small wad of real roots on the end. The one on the left had all but one full leaf cut off, the one on the right kept them all. It is stressed and wilting, struggling to supply water to those leaves. The one on the left.
Another way to reduce water loss is through shade covers. These needn't be fancy; they only need to be A. breathable and B. block out at least 50% of the sun. Leave these on a week or two. This applies especally in summer if you are silly as I to risk planting then and also especially to plants that came from a greenhouse or more "hospitable" climate. It also holds very true to cactus, who have a keen sense of direction given that one side of the plant gets baked with Southern sun and the other may have never actually been kissed by the sun!
For shrubs and trees with larger, thirstier, root systems as well as any plant that is going to get watering (for establishment) infrequently. The old-fashioned castle-moat -stlye water "well" is great. The more water it can hold to soak in and charge the soil, the better. I make tiny temporary dams in the crevice garden for small plants, too.
(note the small well at the top of this crevice-planted Arenaria hookeri spp. desertorum.
Water Regime
My jury is still out on this, but I think we're closer after this year. I'll use the term "establishment-watering" to describe what is done with the purpose of getting a plant established, not what they will see in the future, because some will be intentionally unwatered for the rest of their lives while I fuss over different things.
I have been establishment-watering exactly once a week this year. Honestly: Mondays. I am starting to think that doubling up in would have cut the losses down. Generalisations are dangerous, but I love danger: I currently opine that more water when young gets the plants further along so as to have better plants who re ready when it is time to cut them off. Another dangerous generalisation is to expect to establish-water for two seasons running before you can walk away entirely in the dry Western US. This may mean much less frequently that second year.
A bigger specimen, (Like a five-gallon tree) and especially one with a pot-bound or in-grown root system will need to be watered over a longer span of time, as it will take it longer to establish than a small plant with loose roots, I find. Bigger plants are thirstier, and where root system shapes are concerned, old habits die hard for mature plants.
There is definitely no definite formula to water regime; the best method is to use one's judgement based upon trying the soil with one's finger. And each plant is different- drastically so; and this is what keeps us interested.
Confession Time
I've lost 14% of all plants I stuck in the ground this year. (Out of well over 200 planted) Cold hard numbers rudely proclaim that there was much experimenting. Murdering plants in the name of knowledge. Checking my records closely, the majority of the doomed were planted in July, and died within a week or two. Lesson: avoid July, and probably August, unless you like to water frequently. And even then, feel the shame.
These techniques extend to pretty much all other plants.
Easy Ones
I like plants who don't wince when they see their moving truck. Some species are equipped in such a way that makes them very easy to establish. Topping the list are Cactus. Agave are also especially easy. I've planted several dozen this year, and I've lost 0%. Yucca, too. Most Sedums. Winterfat (Krasheninnikovia lanata) suprished me with its indefatigable personality, even when I forgot to water new plants for two weeks in summer heat.
Why Bareroot Planting
Perhaps the biggest recent push in this school of thought came in Bob Nold's 2008 High and Dry. I, like most folks, read over it like a a speedboat on choppy water because it was so radically different than what we expected to read and had been doing. I did at first, and then it soaked in Since I've started planting this way, I've seen staggering results. It is as though the plant grew there from seed.
The big key is eliminating the interface between nursery-soil and ground-soil; this is done by eliminating the presence of nursery-soil. Failure to do this breaking of the barrier, essentially plugging in a pot-shaped mass into the soil, confines the plant to its "comfort zone," while the gardener hopes to coax the roots into the ground-soil, which is a tedious game played invisibly underground. This is what most folks do. The best anecdote I've heard came recently form one Billy, a passionate home gardener. He changed his mind and removed a five-year old English Ivy plant (which, despite being one of the most viciously vigourous plants, didn't grow much in that time) only to find the whole root mass in the exact shape of a nusery pot. Five years.
How To Bare-root Plant
Go out and buy the abovementioned book, High and Dry: Gardening with Cold-Hardy Dryland Plants. And read that. Or I'll summarise here. But still go get the book.
Start to dig the hole. About the size of the pot. You will probably have to dig at it again later because you will finish digging the hole aiming to accomodate the shape of the roots, but you find out what they look like...
Remove the plant from the pot. Tap/shake/wiggle/abuse the mass of soil and roots so as to knock off the nursery soil. If the plant clings fast to a bit of the soil, so be it. I like shaking because it separates loose soil from rooted soil. Remove most of it.
Don't freak out! That's the plant's job.
You can do this either dry or wet. The wet method (by say, dipping the plant into a tub or bucket) uses water as a lubricant to make prying easier as well as make the process appear phychologically less tormentous; but I have no evidence for this. The dry method avoids matting the roots into a wet-paintbrush-like downward-taper all bunched together, allowing the roots to be more spread (like an inverted bad hair day) when they are buried. Both work.
(Chrysothamnus nauseosus spp. nauseosus, "Baby Blue" form with Macgyver.
This is where you may have to dig the hole deeper when you find just how long the roots are when teased out. There is a good chance that if it is a dry-growing plant, it has a grounded plant's root system curled up in that pot. The above is an extreme example for which I'd not dig a four-and-a-half foot hole, but probably one almost twice the depth of its pot once the greater "root ball" is drawn out. But it proves a point. Just think- planting correclty, you will encourage it to re-grow a root that long to go find water itself.
I personally carry around a bucket/can/pail/jug/wine-bottle of water and an empty bucket to recieve all the potting soil from plants I am planting, which I re-use for potting up future generations of young'uns. (But not seeds/seedlings, for hygiene/cleanliness reasons) Alternately, you may want put it in your compost or veg garden.
{What if it is root-bound, the roots so tightly woven that it is a solid shape? Get abusive and get your hands dirty, prying roots out or even chopping slices downwards though the roots to splay out the "root ball" (Bob hates this term, I think) and fan it into the planting hole.}
Water the roots in the hole as you backfill. I generally fill the hole to the top with water when I have the hole halfway filled, then continue replacing soil when it has soaked in.
The water marries the plant's roots to your garden's soil so that they are in immediate and intimate contact. I like to even backfill soil on top of standing water in the hole, thoroughly wetting everything. This has been called "muddying in." What a nice, descriptive term. Now that it is all backfilled, water again for good measure to settle the surrounding soil and plant crown.
Biology tells us that this new plant's ew root hairs which may appear within 48 hours, {Root hairs live only a couple weeks and are continually replaced) will be touching your garden soil, and, to an extent established already! I will refrain from a diatribe on soil moisture subtleties for now, just take my word for it that this intimate root contact gives the plant the opportunity to take up scant soil moisture and survive dry moments staggeringly better than if planted not bare-rooted.
Note the mass of potted-roots and then the recent roots at the bottom of this rock, (that's 18 inches or 45 cm down) issued from this Eriogonum after only a few weeks in the ground! (This plant was evicted due to that remodel of the middle section of my crevice garden) Also note how dry the soil is an how unaffected the plant is.
As always, keep the crown (where the stem and roots meet) at ground level. When in doubt, go a little high. With the exception of say, Zauschneria (now lumped into Epilobium), which can be planted deeper to as to put their tender buds lower in the ground out of cold weather's way and in a position to spread better- just remove the leaves that will be buried. The great Garden Authoress Gwen Moore (Kelaidis) told me this, and it has proved true.
What if the plant is extra leafy, especially in comparison to a scant root system? Remove some of the leaves. Take off say two-thirds f them, leaving the young ones. This reduces the water-consuption/loss of leaves when the roots are too busy being disturbed to support them. I experimented to ensure this theory of mine was true:
Another way to reduce water loss is through shade covers. These needn't be fancy; they only need to be A. breathable and B. block out at least 50% of the sun. Leave these on a week or two. This applies especally in summer if you are silly as I to risk planting then and also especially to plants that came from a greenhouse or more "hospitable" climate. It also holds very true to cactus, who have a keen sense of direction given that one side of the plant gets baked with Southern sun and the other may have never actually been kissed by the sun!
The "Stireman design" shadecloth tents, protecting summer-planted crevice-dwelling subjects.
A classic "moat" for Sporobolus airoides, Alkali sacaton.
For shrubs and trees with larger, thirstier, root systems as well as any plant that is going to get watering (for establishment) infrequently. The old-fashioned castle-moat -stlye water "well" is great. The more water it can hold to soak in and charge the soil, the better. I make tiny temporary dams in the crevice garden for small plants, too.
(note the small well at the top of this crevice-planted Arenaria hookeri spp. desertorum.
Water Regime
Mirabilis alipes/multiflora? has no trouble its first season at all.
I have been establishment-watering exactly once a week this year. Honestly: Mondays. I am starting to think that doubling up in would have cut the losses down. Generalisations are dangerous, but I love danger: I currently opine that more water when young gets the plants further along so as to have better plants who re ready when it is time to cut them off. Another dangerous generalisation is to expect to establish-water for two seasons running before you can walk away entirely in the dry Western US. This may mean much less frequently that second year.
A bigger specimen, (Like a five-gallon tree) and especially one with a pot-bound or in-grown root system will need to be watered over a longer span of time, as it will take it longer to establish than a small plant with loose roots, I find. Bigger plants are thirstier, and where root system shapes are concerned, old habits die hard for mature plants.
There is definitely no definite formula to water regime; the best method is to use one's judgement based upon trying the soil with one's finger. And each plant is different- drastically so; and this is what keeps us interested.
Confession Time
I've lost 14% of all plants I stuck in the ground this year. (Out of well over 200 planted) Cold hard numbers rudely proclaim that there was much experimenting. Murdering plants in the name of knowledge. Checking my records closely, the majority of the doomed were planted in July, and died within a week or two. Lesson: avoid July, and probably August, unless you like to water frequently. And even then, feel the shame.
Near Onion Creek Rd, Highway 128, Utah, USA
Friday, September 14, 2012
A Prop to the Maligned.
Perhaps the most solid plant for dry and unwatered gardens in the West is Greasewood, but Sarcobatus vermiculatus is very rare for purchase. (Mail-order: Great Basin Natives in UT) It grows in low, salty, dry clay areas of the west. Potentially car-sized, it is ignored most of the time. But alas, in a garden, with a bit of pruning, it will offer rich succulent greenness entirely without water. It ought to be used more where we don't want to water and weed. Stiff, pointed stem-tips would make it an awesome security screen.
All this so I can post a shot of the underappreciated pink inflorescences.
Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Greasewood.
{This picture was added later}
At the North End of Unaweep Canyon, Whitewater, CO.}
{This picture was added later}
At the North End of Unaweep Canyon, Whitewater, CO.}
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Public Service #3: Defining Terms
I find myself getting caked in the pasty makeup that is the jargon and lingo of plant nerdery, and often find myself being painfully not understandable while I rattle on to the innocent bystander. This nasty disease is terminal and too late for me, I suppose, but here is a quick immunization injection to help the reader survive botanical abbriviation used lightly in this blog, but relied upon heavily in plant literature.
They aren't all that bad; go kiss a botanical term today.
germplasm =refering to a plant as its genetic makeup, its personal entourage of DNA. Often, we talk about a particular garden plant being of germplasm from a certain place.
ssp. =subspecies. A subspecies is simply a separation between living things that is smaller than species. For instance, Wolves are all called "Canis lupus." But the Arctic Wolf is "Canis lupus ssp. arctos," usually written"Canis lupus" arctos, or abbreviated "C. lupus arctos"
spp. =species, in plural. Multiple species. "There are more Astragalus spp. than Penstemon spp."
cult. = cultivation. Scientifically refering to an organism in domestication.
aff. =affinity. This is what we tag a name with when something looks like a thing we know, but we cannot prove it. Example: Campanula aff. betulifolia. It is definately a Campanula, and it just looks strongly like the Birch-leaf species.
sp. =species. The "sapien" in Homo sapien, the "biloba" in Ginkgo biloba.
var. =variety. When a plant is different enough to notice but not different enough to be its own species.
ex. =from (latin). For instance, seed packets may have written "ex cult," meaning "from a garden"
(Please mail/comment if there are others that deserve inclusion)
Prickly Thrifts and Colorado
An Acantholimon, or Prickly Thrift, upper left, next to Yucca harrimaniae and Ephedra minima, all grown with finesse to exquisite perfection, by Rock Garden giant, Lee Curtis. (Lakewood, (Denver) Colorado, USA)
Acantholimons are irregularly available (and totally worth buying whenever possible- drainage is essential essential essential) and perhaps all ten-dozen species are pink-flowered. I got to pitch my tent next to them in Turkey. Freaking amazing. Even more amazing, we have a couple (species unknown) growing at the nursery I work for. They are difficult, I hear, to grow from seed, and only a few experts seem to succeed with cuttings. They are extra special and are one of those plants who, it seems, grown in a crevice, or nearly on top of a rock, seem a guaranteed success whereas container culture may be too wet for their liking.
They are considered a very choice plant, and a dead plant (looking all like an extraordinary hybrid between a pin-cushion belonging to a seamtstress who uses each needle but once, and a deflating Basketball) is best removed by fire.Yeah!
Acantholimons have been grown (albeit less lush) in Denver without irrigation.* They get the same precip in ther native middle-east and asian-steppes, but there, with more millenia of overgrazing to promote thier prickly lifestyle.
*No, really, they have. Quick note that the Capital city of Colorado (Denver: 15.4in) and the Capital city of Turkey (the country- and it's Ankara, with 14.3inches) recieve close to the same amount of precipitation, and both cities see the most rain in May, not long before abovementioned plants bloom. Really!
There are lowland species who pretty much take the place in the flora that Cactus do in the new world, and there are alpine species, growing on painfully windy treeless mountain slopes.
Acantholimon is also the "screen name" of blogger and general world-stomping Denver Botanic Plantsman Panayoti Kelaidis, his blog: http://prairiebreak.blogspot.com/
So, grow a Prickly Thrift.
Sources: Wrightman Alpines: http://www.wrightmanalpines.com/catalog/plant
So, grow a Prickly Thrift.
Sources: Wrightman Alpines: http://www.wrightmanalpines.com/catalog/plant
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